feat(auth): adds auth rate limiting

src/ReverseLlama.Server/AuthRateLimiter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace ReverseLlama.Server;
+
+internal sealed class AuthRateLimiter
+{
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthAttemptInfo> _attempts = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    private readonly ILogger<AuthRateLimiter> _logger;
+
+    public AuthRateLimiter(ILogger<AuthRateLimiter> logger)
+    {
+        _logger = logger;
+    }
+
+    public void RecordFailure(string ipAddress, string endpoint)
+    {
+        var info = _attempts.GetOrAdd(ipAddress, _ => new AuthAttemptInfo());
+
+        lock (info)
+        {
+            info.Count++;
+            info.LastAttemptUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+
+            if (info.Count >= 20)
+            {
+                info.BlockedUntilUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(48);
+                _logger.LogWarning(
+                    "IP {IpAddress} blocked for 48 hours after {Count} failed auth attempts (last: {Endpoint})",
+                    ipAddress, info.Count, endpoint);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning(
+                    "Failed auth attempt #{Count} from {IpAddress} on {Endpoint}",
+                    info.Count, ipAddress, endpoint);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public (bool Allowed, TimeSpan? RetryAfter, bool IsBlocked) CheckRateLimit(string ipAddress)
+    {
+        if (!_attempts.TryGetValue(ipAddress, out var info))
+        {
+            return (true, null, false);
+        }
+
+        lock (info)
+        {
+            if (info.BlockedUntilUtc is { } blockedUntil)
+            {
+                if (blockedUntil > DateTime.UtcNow)
+                {
+                    return (false, blockedUntil - DateTime.UtcNow, true);
+                }
+
+                info.Count = 0;
+                info.BlockedUntilUtc = null;
+                info.LastAttemptUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+                return (true, null, false);
+            }
+
+            var waitTime = CalculateWaitTime(info.Count);
+            if (waitTime is { } wait)
+            {
+                var elapsed = DateTime.UtcNow - info.LastAttemptUtc;
+                if (elapsed < wait)
+                {
+                    return (false, wait - elapsed, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return (true, null, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static string GetClientIp(HttpRequest request)
+    {
+        if (request.Headers.TryGetValue("X-Forwarded-For", out var forwardedFor))
+        {
+            var first = forwardedFor.FirstOrDefault();
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(first))
+            {
+                var commaIndex = first.IndexOf(',');
+                return commaIndex > 0 ? first[..commaIndex].Trim() : first.Trim();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (request.Headers.TryGetValue("X-Real-IP", out var realIp))
+        {
+            var first = realIp.FirstOrDefault();
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(first))
+            {
+                return first.Trim();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString() ?? "unknown";
+    }
+
+    private static TimeSpan? CalculateWaitTime(int attemptCount) =>
+        attemptCount switch
+        {
+            < 3 => null,
+            < 5 => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),
+            < 10 => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5 + (attemptCount - 5) * 5),
+            < 20 => TimeSpan.FromMinutes(attemptCount - 9),
+            _ => null
+        };
+
+    private sealed class AuthAttemptInfo
+    {
+        public int Count;
+        public DateTime LastAttemptUtc;
+        public DateTime? BlockedUntilUtc;
+    }
+}

src/ReverseLlama.Server/Program.cs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ builder.Services.AddSingleton(settings);
 builder.Services.AddSingleton<TunnelHub>();
 builder.Services.AddSingleton<EmbeddingCache>();
 builder.Services.AddSingleton<ManagementStore>();
+builder.Services.AddSingleton<AuthRateLimiter>();
 builder.Services.AddElmah<ElmahCore.MySql.MySqlErrorLog>().Configure<ElmahOptions>(
     options => options.ConnectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("ElmahConnection"));
 
@@ -101,6 +102,67 @@ app.Use(async (context, next) =>
     await next();
 });
 
+var rateLimiter = app.Services.GetRequiredService<AuthRateLimiter>();
+
+app.Use(async (context, next) =>
+{
+    if (HttpMethods.IsOptions(context.Request.Method))
+    {
+        await next();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var ip = AuthRateLimiter.GetClientIp(context.Request);
+    var (allowed, retryAfter, _) = rateLimiter.CheckRateLimit(ip);
+
+    if (!allowed)
+    {
+        context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status429TooManyRequests;
+        context.Response.Headers.RetryAfter = ((int)retryAfter!.Value.TotalSeconds).ToString();
+        context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";
+        var seconds = (int)retryAfter!.Value.TotalSeconds;
+        string retryMessage;
+        if (seconds >= 3600)
+        {
+            var hours = seconds / 3600;
+            retryMessage = $"Please try again in {hours} hour{(hours == 1 ? "" : "s")}.";
+        }
+        else if (seconds >= 60)
+        {
+            var minutes = seconds / 60;
+            retryMessage = $"Please try again in {minutes} minute{(minutes == 1 ? "" : "s")}.";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            retryMessage = $"Please try again in {seconds} second{(seconds == 1 ? "" : "s")}.";
+        }
+        await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(new { error = $"Too many requests. {retryMessage}" }, context.RequestAborted);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    context.Response.OnStarting(() =>
+    {
+        if (context.Response.StatusCode is StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized)
+        {
+            rateLimiter.RecordFailure(ip, context.Request.Path);
+        }
+        else if (context.Response.StatusCode is StatusCodes.Status302Found
+            && context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/api/admin"))
+        {
+            var location = context.Response.Headers.Location.FirstOrDefault();
+            if (location is not null
+                && location.Contains("/admin/login", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                rateLimiter.RecordFailure(ip, context.Request.Path);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    });
+
+    await next();
+});
+
 app.UseWebSockets(new WebSocketOptions
 {
     KeepAliveInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)